Monthly Archives: April 2020

Dozens of Machines in Virginia Are Processing COVID-19 Tests

Perhaps this slide will prove useful to the task force just appointed by Governor Ralph Northam to address the disarray in the Virginia Department of Health’s COVID-19 testing program. In the face of a declining number of tests reported to the Virginia Department of Health in the past week, Northam has said he won’t relax emergency measures shutting down Virginia’s economy until the state boosts its capacity to test and measure the incidence of the disease.

The slide, taken from a presentation by Deborah L. Birx, coronavirus response coordinator for the White House, shows the location of dozen high- and low-throughput testing machines across Virginia. Said Birx yesterday:

We wanted every governor and every state and health laboratory director to have a clear understanding of the full capacity within the state – both for the capacity, but also where technical assistance and additional supplies may be available. … Every governor not only received the Excel spreadsheet with the complete list of the equipment and the ZIP Code of the location and the laboratory to really be able to create a mosaic of laboratories of the high-speed and low-speed equipment together to meet the needs of their clients, depending if they’re drive-through or hospital needs. … Continue reading

Race, Injustice, the Northam Administration, and the Viral Inferno at Canterbury Rehabilitation

Canterbury Rehabilitation nursing home. Latest count: 49 dead.

by James A. Bacon

Virginia news outlets have published a spate of articles in recent days about the elevated rate of COVID-19 infection and mortality among African-Americans. Typical was this story in the Richmond Times-Dispatch, which highlighted the fact that in the City of Richmond, black people comprise less than half the city’s population but more than 60% of COVID-19 diagnoses. The “news” article offered this editorial commentary on the discrepancy:

The contrast lays bare inequities that local government and public health officials say they’re working to address and comes the same day as Virginia’s U.S. senators, Tim Kaine and Mark Warner, urged the federal government to collect and report demographic data on the virus. …

The cascading damage of the COVID-19 pandemic has been especially cruel for low-income communities of color, where people are less likely to have access to quality health care and more likely to suffer from weakened immune systems and other health conditions that make complications from the disease more likely.

You know the drill: The problem is systemic racial injustice as opposed to incompetence and maladministration. Remarkably, no one in Virginia’s media or political establishment has drawn the connection between the high mortality rate for African-Americans in Virginia and the devastating plight of patients at Canterbury Rehabilitation, where by last count 49 mostly poor, elderly, African-American Medicaid patients have died. Nor has anyone, other than James Sherlock writing on this blog, laid responsibility squarely at the feet of the Northam administration and the Virginia Department of Health. Continue reading

Virginia Economy Held Hostage to Lousy Data

by James A. Bacon

The number of COVID-related hospitalizations in Virginia is stabilizing. The curve is flattening, hospitals are in no danger of being overwhelmed, and Virginians want to get back to work. But Governor Ralph Northam says he will not relax his emergency social-distancing edicts until he gets better data. And there’s the rub. Virginia lacks the testing capacity to generate the data that would make the Governor comfortable enough to roll back the shutdown.

Writes the Richmond Times-Dispatch:  

Northam said that boosting testing in the state is part of “any plan to ease restrictions on businesses and address the pandemic,” but as of Monday, state officials did not yet have a grasp on the state’s testing capacity and had not set an overall testing goal.

“Testing is the key to those next steps,” Northam said.

To address the problem, the Governor has created a “work group” to focus on expanding testing in the state, including the number of sites doing tests, the population eligible for testing, and hurdles to more testing. Continue reading

COVID-19 in Prison

Deerfield Correctional Center

By Dick Hall-Sizemore

The latest DOC report shows an increase in the number of offenders testing positive for the novel coronavirus. There were a total of 147 incarcerated with a positive test, with nine of those in a hospital, compared to 116 and 8, respective, in the prior day’s report. Central Virginia Correctional Unit, the women’s minimum security unit in Chesterfield, showed the most increase, 23. The cumulative total of positive reports has increased from 139 to 170.  Fifty-three staff have tested positive.

The most worrisome aspect of this latest report is the occurrence of a positive test of an offender in the Deerfield complex for the first time. Deerfield Correctional Center is the facility in which DOC houses its geriatric and assisted living offender populations. It is not clear from the report whether this was an offender housed in the main facility or in the work center, which is a minimum security facility for female offenders and is a separate building from the main prison. Continue reading

Jumbled Numbers

by Carol Bova

The Virginia Mercury published an article by Kate Masters April 6th about Virginia’s $27 million order for personal protective equipment (PPE). As of April 20th, the Governor’s Office had not responded to the Mercury’s Freedom of Information Act request for a copy of the contract or the specifics of the deal.

The article did quote Virginia Health Commissioner Dr. Norman Oliver, who described the types of equipment ordered. In discussing how many sets of PPE are needed to care for those who are presumed positive for COVID-19, Oliver also explained why hospitalization numbers from the Virginia Hospital and Healthcare Association (VHHA) differ from those of the Virginia Department of Health (VDH).

“The new numbers vary from the state’s tally of hospitalized cases because VDH only counts the number of lab-confirmed patients who have been discharged from the hospital, Oliver said at the briefing,” he said. “That number lags behind the number you would get if you were to ask that same question of VHHA, which actually tracks the current census in the hospital.” Continue reading

A Break from COVID — Gambling

Photo Credit: Richmond Times-Dispatch

By Dick Hall-Sizemore

The Governor is in a tug-of-war with his Democratic colleagues in the General Assembly. The objects of their contention are the so-called “skill games” (also sometimes called “gray machines”).

The skill games are video games now found in numerous truck stops and convenience stores that offer a cash prize to the winners. The opponents of such games have denounced them as illegal gambling. One Commonwealth’s attorney has charged the distributor of such games for violating Virginia law. The games’ distributors contend they are games of skill. Continue reading

COVID19 Testing: Tennessee Versus Virginia

Tennessee drive-through test location

Much has been written about the paucity of COVID-19 testing in Virginia. One place where the shortfall is most evident is in Bristol, a city bifurcated by the Virginia-Tennessee state line. On the Tennessee side of the border, anyone who wants a COVID-19 test can get one, reports the Roanoke Times. On the Virginia side, tests are reserved for the very ill and those who care for them.

In Tennessee, the health department has set up testing centers where people can come Saturday and Sunday to be tested if they are worried they have the disease. They do not have to be pre-screened.

In Virginia, testing centers require pre-screening and a doctor’s orders.

“We are scouring the country looking for equipment to help our institutions increase testing. We haven’t been successful because of a national shortage,” said Virginia Secretary of Health and Human Services Daniel Carey. Continue reading

Virginia Hospitals Have Capacity to Spare. Time to Rethink Elective-Surgery Restrictions.

Danny Avula at Friday press conference. Photo credit: Virginia Business

Virginia is “pivoting away” from setting up field hospitals to handle the hospital overflow of COVID-19 patients, Danny Avula, director of the City of Richmond and Henrico County health departments, said in a Friday press conference.

Although sites had been selected in Northern Virginia, Richmond and Hampton Roads, Avula said he saw less need to build out the facilities. Social distancing is working, and hospitals have increased their capacity by converting elective-surgery wards and unused wings and floors for use by COVID-19 patients, he said, as reported by Virginia Business.

“We’ve actually started to pivot away from those. There may never be a need for that significant a build-out,” Avula said. “Our health systems think they’ll be able to manage whatever amount of surge that comes.”

This is heartening news. Now that it appears that hospitals have significant excess capacity, the question arises if it is time to relax the tight restrictions on elective surgery that have devastated hospital cash flows and forced thousands of Virginians to postpone elective surgery. Continue reading

COVID-19 Update: Hospitalizations, Deaths Still Rising

For what it’s worth, the number of new COVID-19 cases reported by the Virginia Department of Health this morning was 453, about the same level as it was two weeks ago. The official total now stands at 8,990. But with scarcity of testing supplies and delays in reporting, that figure isn’t worth much. As much as I like the idea that the spread of the virus has leveled off and we can get back to pre-COVID business as normal, I don’t put any credence in those numbers.

Instead, I look at the harder data — new hospitalizations (78 yesterday) and new deaths (23). Those numbers suggest that the disease spread faster last week than in the previous week, as seen in the chart above, although the rate of increase in the spread appears to be decelerating.

It may be premature to start loosening the social-distancing restrictions, but it’s not too soon to start thinking about how to go about it. I’ll have more thoughts on that soon.

— JAB

Stop Gap Budget Amendments

By Dick Hall-Sizemore

Not surprisingly, the Governor did not try to re-write the budget in the reconvened session. There is just not enough information available now regarding the extent to which state revenues will be affected by the economic downturn brought on by the novel coronavirus. Using the process set out in the Appropriation Act and implemented several times in recent years, the re-rewrite (with major cuts) will happen next fall.

The Governor used his proposed budget amendments to accomplish several objectives: increase the amount of general fund cash available to address revenue shortfalls; freeze spending on his and on General Assembly initiatives; allow additional spending to proceed in specified, de facto mandated areas; and give himself and agencies administrative flexibility in dealing with COVID-19 situations. Continue reading

COVID-19 Update: Hospitalizations Way Up

Another day, another increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations. The Virginia Department of Health data indicated that 126 patients were hospitalized yesterday — a one-day record in the Old Dominion — bringing total hospitalizations to 1,422.

According to Virginia Hospital and Healthcare Association (VHHA), there are now 820 patients in hospitals confirmed to have COVID-19, while another 499 have tests pending. Only 39 COVID-19 patients were discharged yesterday.

Bacon’s Rebellion has stopped displaying the count of “confirmed cases,” which we have concluded are worthless as an indicator of the spread of COVID-19. The number published by the VDH is more a function of the volume of testing that is occurring rather than the prevalence of the disease, and testing in Virginia, like most places in the U.S., is grossly inadequate.

I’d like to publish more data, but I’m pressed for time today. Family matters to attend to.

— JAB

Wyoming Is Not New York. Why Should their Social Distancing Measures Be the Same?

As the nation starts to roll back the social distancing measures that have dampened the spread of the COVID-19 virus, it is useful to remember that the United States is a big,  diverse country, and measures that make sense in one place might not be suitable for another. This table, supplied by reader James Young, drives home that simple message. Young expresses the incidence of COVID-19 deaths as a percentage of the incidence of deaths from influenza, a disease that Americans rarely freak out about. The variance is extraordinary — a three-to-one ratio in New York to less than one in fifty ratio in Wyoming. Continue reading

Canterbury Needs a Federal Audit

by James C. Sherlock

The patient population of the Canterbury Rehabilitation and Healthcare Center, site of nearly 50 COVID-19 deaths, consists primarily of Medicaid recipients. The facility recently changed ownership and was previously known as Lexington Court Rehabilitation and Healthcare Center.

Nursing Home Compare Five-Star Quality Rating System

A nursing home is a place for people who can’t be cared for at home and need 24-hour nursing care.  This Medicare 5-star rating system was developed to help individuals, family members, and the public compare the quality of nursing homes more easily by synthesizing a large volume of information on the website into an easily viewable star rating system. CMS based the Overall Ratings on an algorithm that calculates a composite view of nursing homes from three measures: results from approximately three years of onsite inspections carried out by trained surveyors; performance on certain quality measures; and self-reported nursing staffing levels.

Nursing homes provide skilled care to people who can’t be cared for at home and need 24-hour nursing care. Skilled care includes skilled nursing or rehabilitation services to manage, observe, or assess a resident’s care. Examples of skilled care include occupational therapy, wound care, intravenous (IV) therapies, and physical therapy.

CMS creates the overall star rating for nursing homes from 3 parts: (1) Health inspections (2) Quality of resident care measures and (3) Staffing.

Inspection Data

CMS bases Five-Star quality ratings in the health inspection domain on the relative performance of facilities within a state. From Medicare.gov records, based on an October 3, 2019 inspection, Canterbury was deficient in both staffing and infection control. I reviewed the report of the October 3, 2019, inspection, and it referred to only a single instance of a staffing shortage.  The last of entries in the four-page report of the deficiency ID Prefix tag F 0725, “Provide enough nursing staff each day to meet the needs of every resident…” were: Continue reading

Unexpected Bonus: No Flu

by James A. Bacon

The verdict is still out on how well Virginia’s social-distancing measures are working to contain the COVID-19 virus, but it’s sure working against the flu.

The Virginia Department of Health (VDH) tracks the spread of influenza in order to “provide situational awareness, inform prevention strategies, and prepare for a potential pandemic.” It disseminates weekly reports that classify the previous week by the level of influenza activity: widespread, regional, local, sporadic, and no activity.

The spread of influenza in Virginia was classified as “widespread” — with elevated influenza-like illnesses or more than one outbreak in three or more regions — for nineteen weeks running during the 2019-20 flu season. Then, according to a VDH report generated Thursday (reflecting data for the week ending April 15), influenza activity dropped off a microbiological cliff — to “no activity.” Continue reading

Uh, Oh…

by Dean Wortmier

Because the panacea bonfire of the “New Abbott Labs Test” is being stoked, I have been forced to revive some brain cells that have been comfortably soaking up rum for the past 8 years.

How much help is testing for CoV2 going to be in deciding to ‘Open Up’ Virginia?

Let’s use Abbott’s Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) application[1] for our Gold Standard.

From the tests that Abbott submitted to get the EUA, the 95% confidence interval for the Probability of Detection, Pd, of the virus is (94.0, 100), greater than 94 but less than 100.  Moreover, the document tells us that the 95% confidence interval for the Probability of a False Alarm, Pfa, is (0, 11).

Pretty impressive, well, impressive enough to secure a EUA to soak up $Billions of taxpayer money, but is really going to help with decisions to end the quarantine measures for Virginia? (Did you see how I kept it relevant to Bacon’s Rebllion’s blog?) Remember, we’re making an executive decision that could cost granny her life. Continue reading