
by James A. Bacon
Based on an analysis of 2019 data, the Migration Policy Institute estimates that 250,000 “unauthorized” immigrants reside in Virginia. Two out of five (39%) of these unauthorized residents have children. These children attend Virginia schools.
It’s often difficult to measure the impact of illegal immigration on American society, but the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) collects statistics that give us a sense of the challenge faced by Virginia’s public school system. According to VDOE data, 137,000 students were classified as “English Learners” in the 2023-24 school year, while another 46,000 were described as “former” English Learners. Whether or not they came to the U.S. legally is impossible to discern from VDOE data, but given the influx of illegal border crossings in recent years, it is likely that a significant percentage is “unauthorized.”
Here is one inescapable conclusion that can be drawn from the VDOE enrollment database: The number of English Learners in Virginia public schools has tripled over the past 20 years. The number surged from 60,000 in the 2003-04 school year to 137,000 in 2023-24, as seen in the graph above and detailed in the table below.
One in nine students in Virginia public schools today is an English Learner.














