Virginiaโs Left and Right agree that merit matters. They disagree about what merit isโand how institutions should recognize it.
by Kenrick N.G. Brown

The Constitution begins with an aspiration. โWe the People,โ it declares, seek to form โa more perfect Union.โ The wording matters. The Framers did not announce that they had created a perfect country. They described political union as an unfinished projectโsomething capable of improvement, correction, and refinement.
Virginia should think about meritocracy in much the same way.
Nearly everyone claims to support merit. Republicans support merit. Democrats support merit. University administrators, civil-rights organizations, business leaders, public employees, and taxpayers all invoke merit when defending their preferred systems of hiring, promotion, and admission.
Yet agreement on the word disguises disagreement over its meaning.
The political Right generally locates merit in common and measurable indicators: grades, examinations, professional credentials, technical qualifications, work experience, and demonstrated performance. The political Left generally defines merit more contextually, placing greater weight on unequal opportunity, obstacles overcome, historical exclusion, personal experience, and demographic inclusion.
The resulting debate is not always a conflict between supporters and opponents of meritocracy. More often, it is a conflict between rival conceptions of merit.
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