Category Archives: Education (higher ed)

The Cooch’s Freak Show Dream Team

cooch dream teamBy Peter Galuszka

Ken Cuccinelli just can’t keep away from the bizarre, but perhaps that’s what makes him what he is.

He stages a convention instead of a primary to neuter Bill Bolling. And since a convention is smaller, it draws more GOP hard-righters than  June bugs on a humid night and they succeed in getting Bishop E.W. Jackson and Mark Obenshain selected. They underline the social conservatism that turns millions off and makes Virginia the butt of jokes on late night talk shows.

The Bishop is an even bigger gay basher than Cuccinelli and says that Planned Parenthood is responsible for more fatalities among African-Americans than the Ku Klux Klan. This may be new to a Harvard Law graduate, but women of any color have a legal right to an abortion within limits. The U.S. Supreme Court said so. Look under Roe vs. Wade.

Then there is the attorney general candidate Mark Obenshain of the legacy Republican family. He proposed and withdrew legislation to require any woman in Virginia who miscarries a pregnancy to report it to the police. The idea is so repulsive it is beyond words. A woman may have miscarried to her great sorrow due to medical reasons and then would have to go through the added horror of having to report to the police? Yes, this comes from a cabal that otherwise wants to keep the government out of your lives. Even Josef Stalin wouldn’t think of this.

What does the dream team have to say on the many policy issues facing a troubled state? We have a bunch of lame and poorly thought out tax cuts and Cooch playing hardware store populist. Cuccinelli was against McDonnnell’s mammoth road building tax plan and has since backed away from his opposition.

Is this good news for Terry McAuliffe, who has plenty of issues of his own? Yes, I would think. Cuccinelli doesn’t need the fringe hard right voters. He’s already got them in his pocket. He needs the center and Mark and the Bishop aren’t going to be much help there.

It boggles the mind how Virginia is so schizo. It is attracting hundreds of thousands of newcomers who are running the state’s economy and are dragging it into the 21st century world. Yet the Republicans put up people like this who aren’t dragging us to Virginia’s recent dark past but to medieval times.

Global investors might think twice or three times before investing in this freak show.

Don’t Look Over Your Shoulder, Richard Bland College May Be Gaining on You

McNeer Hall, Richard Bland College's new science and technology building.

McNeer Hall, Richard Bland College’s new science and technology building.

by James A. Bacon

While Virginia’s largest public universities continue to jack up tuition at rates far surpassing inflation and the growth in wages in order to protect Business-As-Usual education, the state’s tiniest public institution of higher education is experimenting with hybrid online learning. Petersburg-based Richard Bland College has launched a global online institute that teaches conversational skills in 70 languages and dialects.

The two-year college is partnering with Progressive Expert Consulting, Inc. (PEC), of Syracuse, N.Y., an enterprise that designs and instructs online courses ranging from Mandarin Chinese to Mongolian, Russian to Serbo-Croatian. PEC contracts with the Department of Defense to teach conversational language skills to special forces troops deploying overseas.

Unlike the MOOCs (massively open online courses) that have garnered so much attention, Richard Bland caps its courses at 10 students per instructor. “You’re getting individualized attention,” says Tyler Hart, director of academic and institutional effectiveness. The best part of the story: Richard Bland charges Richard Bland rates — $402 for a three-credit course.

That translates to $4,020 for a full-time student taking 10 courses per year. Compare that to the $12,224 in tuition and fees it will cost a University of Virginia students to study full time next year. (The figure for neither institution includes room and board.)

Admittedly, the Richard Bland/CES courses teach only conversational language skills. If you want to learn to read, write and engage in esoteric literary discussions, you’re better off at UVa. But that’s really not the point. The point is that Richard Bland is testing a new business model: collaborating with a third-party enterprise that designs the courses, provides the instruction and provides the software — and it’s dramatically under-pricing the prevailing higher-ed paradigm.This educational model is proliferating rapidly and, I predict, will thoroughly transform higher education.

The CES learning platform is similar to Microsoft Live Meeting, says Hart. All students need is a FiOS-quality bandwidth connection, a PC and a headset. PEC handles the rest. Richard Bland’s function is two-fold: It ensures that outside courses and instructors meet accreditation standards, and it recruits the students. Hart doesn’t seen much difference between relying upon PEC instructors and hiring adjunct faculty.

Richard Bland, which reports to the same Board of Visitors as the College of William & Mary, is packaging the courses with a globalizaton and study-abroad program, which it is forging with two-year institutions in Australia and New Zealand.

In its strategic plan, the college has set the goal of being “optimally responsive to documented market demand.” That entails a willingness to modify curricula, serve as a beta site for “innovative solutions” in academic instruction, and deliver courses at times, locations and formats that accommodate student schedules and preferences.

On a more concrete level, the plan calls for increasing enrollment, adding six new degree programs, 10 new certifications, and delivering “100% of programs online, off-site or other means convenient to students.”

Hart sees potential in the MOOCs, but with a twist. Richard Bland might identify a world-class instructor from Harvard or MIT, for instance, to teach a massively online class. The college’s value-add proposition would be to give the high-tech course a high-touch feel by coupling it with an on-site faculty member  in Petersburg to function as coach and mentor, answering questions, leading local discussions and helping students through problems.

As Hart says, the online learning revolution makes it possible for Richard Bland to “access the best instructors in the world.” Why not take take advantage of opportunity? For one-third the tuition of a traditional university and the ability to take most courses from home… why not indeed?

And While I’m on the Subject…

A slight hole in the narrative…

In its coverage of the University of Virginia Board of Visitors action yesterday (see previous post), the Washington Post reminded readers that administrators have blamed their aggressive tuition increases on “two decades of declining state funding” that have “starved the school of much-needed revenue.”

No question, the state has trimmed financial support for its top schools. What nobody mentions is that the General Assembly also freed UVa, William & Mary and Virginia Tech several years ago from much of their state oversight. By eliminating bureaucratic red tape and shortening decision-making cycles, the thinking went, the three universities would be able to increase productivity and garner cost savings sufficient to offset the reductions in state support.

No one forced the universities to take that deal. They would not have done so had their leadership not believed that it would advance their institutional interests.

Here’s where it gets really interesting. One of the ways that UVa President Teresa Sullivan proposed to finance her expensive vision for advancing academic excellence was by pocketing savings from the university’s productivity initiatives! The press coverage does not mention whether that proposal survived the give-and-take leading up to yesterday’s vote. Regardless, in its whining about shortfalls in state funding, the university administration overlooked the fact that UVa agreed to some state funding cuts in exchange for greater freedom from state oversight that would yield … productivity gains and lower costs.

Either memories are very short or UVa administrators are hoping Virginia’s press, public and politicians are too stupid to remember the whole story.

– JAB

UVa Board Tightens the Screws on Student Tuition

Gosh, I can’t remember. Was part of Mr. Jefferson’s founding vision for UVa to create an unaffordably elitist institution?

The University of Virginia Board of Visitors voted Thursday to hike tuition for in-state undergraduates by 3.8% and out-of-staters by 4.8% next school year. The vote marked a victory for President Teresa Sullivan and others whose vision is to achieve academic excellence by spending heavily on faculty recruitment, information technology and R&D facilities, and extracting wealth from university students in order to pay for it.

The vote occurred the same day Governor Bob McDonnell released a letter to state university administrators and board asking them to limit tuition hikes to the Consumer Price Index.

Several board members worried that failure to jack up tuition might put the school in financial jeopardy, reported the Washington Post. “From a business perspective, you are not giving yourself a lot of room to wiggle,” said John L. Nau III, a Texas beer distributor. “It seems to me that we are living right on a razor’s edge.” Nau made no effort to reconcile that statement with the fact that UVa’s endowment increased 28.4% in 2011-2012, bringing it to $4.8 billion, the best performance of the 32 largest university endowments in the country, according to Forbes Magazine.

The Post article mentioned only two board members by name who opposed the tuition hikes: Dr. Edward D. Miller and Rector Helen Dragas. Dragas, who runs a Virginia Beach real estate development company founded by her father, has been viciously assailed for being an out-of-touch elitist for her role in the controversy surrounding Sullivan’s resignation and reinstatement last year. In this instance, the out-of-touch elitist was one of the few willing to go to the mats to protect the interests of middle-class Virginians.

“We cannot stay on an unsustainable tuition increase path,” Dragas told the board in explaining her vote. “A lot of institutions across the country, a lot of states, are holding the line on tuition this year.” UVa administrators, she argued, have long used decreased state funding as a “scapegoat” for ever-increasing spending.

Amplifying the air of unreality surrounding the debate, a few dozen activists gathered in the Rotunda to demand better pay for low-level staff members, pushing for the so-called living wage. No one protested the decision to jack up students’ tuition, room and board at nearly double the inflation rate.

— JAB

McDonnell Jawbones Public Colleges over Tuition

Now, that‘s a jawbone.

Governor Bob McDonnell has asked college presidents and boards to limit in-state tuition increases for the 2013-2014 academic year to the Consumer Price Index or lower.

In a letter written earlier this month and made public today, the governor wrote, “After a decade plus of nearly double-digit tuition increases and mounting student loan debt, the cost of higher education is on the minds of parents, students and policymakers.”

In the current year, public colleges and universities have held tuition increases to an average of 4.1%, the lowest average tuition increase in a decade. But tuition still outpaced the increase in wages and salaries, making college more unaffordable than ever.

“I remain concerned about the affordability of post-secondary education for the young people of Virginia,” McDonnell said. “I need your continued innovation and leadership in holding down in-state tuition and fee increases.”

A dilemma faced by Virginia’s public universities is that McDonnell has pushed hard for them to boost programs in the STEM-H disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and health), which tend to require more expensive investments in facilities and laboratory equipment than humanities and social sciences. He has set a goal of increasing the number of graduates from Virginia institutions by 100,000 degrees over the next 15 years, with a focus on STEM-H degrees.

Universities are exploring a number of new tuition plans, such as locking in tuition over a four-year program of study and charging more for expensive STEM degrees. Said McDonnell: “I encourage you to evaluate these and other tools that keep access affordable and tuition lower. I ask you to continue to aggressively pursue recommendations from internal and external reviews for cost savings, and in implementing the reallocation of resources’ policy embodied in the budget.”

Bacon’s bottom line: McDonnell’s heart is in the right place. But his message conveyed no tangible reason for university presidents to go along.

In the 1970s, federal authorities had a term — jawboning — for using the bully pulpit to chastise corporations and labor unions into tempering their inflation-inducing practices of raising prices and wages. That’s essentially what McDonnell is doing. Jawboning didn’t restrain inflation, and it won’t restrain tuition hikes.

Unless McDonnell threatens to yank millions of dollars in state assistance, President Obama threatens to restrict student loans, or consumers (students and their parents) rise in revolt, it will remain easier for college administrations to hike tuition than to face down internal constituencies and seriously grapple with costs.

– JAB

Higher Ed Bubble? What Higher Ed Bubble?

… I don’t see no stinkin’ higher ed bubble.

So much for new fireworks between University of Virginia President Teresa Sullivan and the Board of Visitors. It appears that the administration and board have come to an agreement on how much to raise tuition next year.

The good news: The administration has abandoned its proposal to jack up the tuition for third- and fourth-year students on top of regular tuition increases. The bad news: The University will hike fees for everyone more aggressively.

Under the original proposal, administrators had called for increases of 2.9% and 3.9% respectively for in-state and out-of-state students, plus an add-on fee for upperclassmen. Instead, the board settled for increases of 3.8% and 4.8% for in- and out-of-staters. After inflation, that’s an increase of 2% to 3% per year during a time when real wages for most Virginians are stagnant.

In its reporting, the Daily Progress provides no explanation for the decision, although it does quote board member William H. Goodwin as previously having said that the original proposal might constitute “double-talking” — hiding a tuition increase as a fee.

Score a small victory for transparency. Score another loss for affordability. UVa continues unabated its march toward higher prestige rankings by beefing the incredibly expensive scientific and technical disciplines and chasing R&D dollars.

In related news…. Virginia Commonwealth University’s administration has proposed an overall 4% increase in tuition that would be coupled with a shift to a charge per credit hour rather than per semester, reports the Times-Dispatch. The idea is to discourage students from signing up for the maximum 18 credit hours — blocking others from enrolling in a needed course — and then dropping out.

Given the current economic circumstances, the 4% increase amounts to predatory pricing. But, I must concede, the shift to charging by the credit-hour does make sense.

So continues academia’s plundering of middle America…

– JAB

What the Teaching of Tibetan Tells Us about UVa

by James A. Bacon

Let’s face it, as much as Americans love the Dalai Lama, there’s a probably a limited appetite in the United States for learning the Tibetan language. As long as the dude speaks English, that’s good enough for most of us. Not surprisingly, according to the Modern Language Association, only 109 students enrolled in Tibetan language courses in 2009 across the entire U.S.

Amazingly, though, a search of the Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition database it’s unbelievable what you can find online, isn’t it? — shows that 20 different U.S. universities teach Tibetan at one level or another. And the University of Virginia is one of them.

It turns out that UVa’s Tibet Center, which integrates the study of Tibetan language and religion, is a pretty big player in the world of Tibetan studies, enrolling between 15 and 25 students at any point. Still, given the fact that the program offers three different language courses (Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced Tibetan), it’s pretty safe to assume that no more than a handful of students are enrolled per course.

Speaking from an economic perspective, that’s a major under-utilization of resources. One professor, only a handful of students. So, what’s a university to do? Cut the program? Not UVa. The answer is to expand the program by taking it online. Starting this fall, the University will offer Tibetan language courses to Duke University students in a new distance-learning venture “aimed at broadening the availability of low-visibility languages.” In return, UVa students will have the opportunity to enroll in a Duke class teaching Haitian Creole, according to a March 2013 article in Duke Today.

“Less commonly taught languages are no less important for being infrequently taught,” said Meredith Jung-En Woo, dean of UVa’s College of Arts & Sciences. “It is through new languages that we gain the entree to other cultures. Esoteric as some of these cultures may appear, in studying them we also learn new truths about our culture and ourselves.”

The partnership with Duke probably makes sense. It’s not clear from the article whether any money will change hands when one university’s students enroll in the other university’s courses. But, at a minimum, the arrangement increases the language options available to UVa students. Anyone who wants to study Haitian Creole will be able to do so via a Cisco TelePresence video conferencing system.

Through the window of this language partnership, we can see how the  University of Virginia intends to use online technology. The thrust is to increase the richness of the educational experience, not to cut costs or otherwise drive down the cost of a college education. That’s a wonderful thing if your ultimate goal is to create an elite university with a dazzling array of course offerings. It’s disappointing if your goal is to make high-quality education affordable for Virginia’s middle class.

“Not about Doing Education on the Cheap”

Philip Zelikow

by James A. Bacon

About a year ago, Philip Zelikow, the White Burkett Miller Professor of History at the University of Virginia, knew little more about online learning than the average man. But one day he found himself in an executive retreat at the Boar’s Head Inn with Meredith June-En Woo, dean of the College of Arts & Sciences, to brainstorm the college’s future.

The subject came up of online learning and the recent launch of Coursera, a Silicon Valley-funded start-up that had signed up some prestigious universities to teach so-called massively open online courses, or MOOCs. “Email Coursera,” Woo told Zelikow. So he did, then and there. And thus started the College’s engagement with state-of-the-art online learning.

UVa’s Darden School of Business had already initiated contacts with Coursera, but Zelikow became the College’s point man. Indeed, he became so engaged in online learning that he now teaches “The Modern World: Global History since 1760,” to some 70 UVa students and 25,000 other enrollees around the world. Last night Zelikow regaled an audience of Richmond-area UVa alumni with observations about his experience in online education and how it will transform the University of Virginia.

The bottom line: Zelikow sees online learning as enhancing the experience for university students residing on campus but also opening up opportunities for a lesser, though still valuable, education around the world.

Further, he said, the University of Virginia will be a leader in this brave new world. “We’re on the eve of a transformation of higher ed around the world. It will be led by about 15 universities. The University of Virginia is one of them.”

The standard method for teaching a college history course has not changed in centuries, said Zelikow, whose non-academic accomplishments include heading the 9/11 Commission and working as a deputy to Secretary of State Condelezza Rice. The professor delivers lectures in a lecture hall students who passively take notes. Later, the students break into smaller classes where they interact with graduate teaching assistants.

The MOOC works very differently. Zelikow spent considerable time up-front converting his lectures into 92 video presentations of varying lengths that students could view at any time on their own. The lectures are supplemented by reading and digital-source materials accessible online and quizlets by which students can test their mastery of the knowledge going forward. UVa students can participate in discussion forums with 25,000 students enrolled around the world. Getting the perspective of a student from Colombia, say, on South American independence revolutions can broaden their understanding.

What’s more, because he wasn’t delivering lectures, Zelikow has time to interact with his UVa students. He has broken his class into two, which allows him to conduct meaningful discussions.

Zelikow says that the exercise has allowed him to develop a more powerful version of the course he has taught for years, and it forces students to stay engaged consistently throughout the semester as opposed to alternating between goofing off and cramming for tests.

Creating MOOCs is expensive — hundreds of hours of work must be invested up-front. But making that investment allows UVa to powerfully enhance the residential college experience. “This is not about doing education on the cheap,” Zelikow said. “This is about how to leverage 21st century technology to reinvent the classroom.”

UVa is determined to be one of the handful of elite institutions that shape the market for online learning, Zelikow said, but it is not yet clear how the effort will be paid for. His justification at this time: Online learning “powerfully enhances the experience of the students who pay the tuition. Parents are willing to pay for something that enhances their children’s experience.”

Online learning is still evolving and even Coursera hasn’t figured out yet how to make a lot of money from the technology, he said. “We want to be in the space because we recognize the potential.”

Woo Wows Wahoo Alumni

Meredith Jung-En Woo

The University of Virginia faces a talent crisis, says Meredith Jung-En Woo, dean of the College of Arts & Sciences. The college expects to lose about 100 faculty members through retirement in the near future and 40 for other reasons. To meet expanding enrollment, the college needs to hire another 60, plus 30 more to improve student-faculty ratios. That compares to 540 faculty who are tenured or on tenure track.

The solution? Pursue a $130 million fund-raising campaign for “faculty excellence.” The goal, Wood told a gathering of Richmond-area alumni yesterday at the Westin Hotel, is to add $100 million to the endowment and devote $30 million for near-term expenditure.

As an example of UVa’s march to excellence, Woo cited the recent recruitment of Alan Taylor, who won the Pulitzer Prize for his work, “William Cooper’s Town: Power and Persuasion on the Frontier of the Early American Republic.” He turned down Harvard to join UVa, said Woo. One reason was that his archives are located in Virginia. But another is the reputation of UVa’s history department for having one of the top programs in early American history. Taylor’s presence, she said, “will make us peerless.”

Woo cited other initiatives such as renewing the writer-in-residence program, which lapsed after William Faulkner’s stay at the university. The goal is to bring on board a Nobel Prize-caliber writer. The College also plans to create an artist-in-residence program and recruit a world-class China scholar.

The diminutive, Korean-born dean found a receptive audience among the Wahoo alumni, an overwhelmingly middle-aged and elderly crowd. Judging by my conservations with fellow Hoos during the cocktail reception and the questions asked after the presentations, Richmond alumni seem very comfortable with the priorities set by the university administration, led by President Teresa Sullivan. They are eager to see UVa build its reputation as a world-class university. Nary a word was spoken about unaffordable tuition hikes or existential threats posed by online learning.

– JAB

Sullivan’s Risky Bet on STEM

by Reed Fawell III

Teresa Sullivan’s proposed four-year financial plan will forever alter the character and mission of the University of Virginia, undermining the financial model that has enabled the university to thrive.  If adopted by the Board of Visitors, the plan will raise student tuition to fund the conversion of the University from a teaching institution to a scientific research institution dependent on the federal government for its future financial success.

The Sullivan Plan will shift the University’s primary mission from teaching to research, with a primary focus on STEM research. Starting July 1, 2103, the University faculty will spend more of its time, talent, resources and collaboration on independent research. Their efforts will concentrate in the fields of science, technology, engineering and medicine. Thus, UVa will become Virginia Tech’s great in-state competitor. And it will vie for federal grant and contractor research dollars with the likes of Johns Hopkins, MIT and Stanford.

This shift of focus will require the university to make major expenditures in heavy infrastructure projects, including the building, purchase and operation of highly complex and sophisticated scientific labs, equipment and buildings. Large additional outlays of funds also will be spent on the training of a whole new generation of scientists, engineers, researchers and other technocrats.  Searching for, hiring, training, setting up and putting in place all these new faculty along with their new disciplines and tools will cost the University even more money. In effect, the University is getting into a new and unexplored business with which it has no experience.

The University will fund this transformation on the backs of the students. Higher tuition will be the primary source of funding to start up, build and, thereafter, enlarge and maintain the STEM concentration. In addition to hiking tuition roughly 20% over four years, she proposes to create a Strategic Investment Fund that will skim monies and borrowing power from University coffers, place that fund outside the control of the Board of Visitors, and vest power over those monies in university administrators and faculty. (For details of the Fund see the last comment to Article “More Big Tuition Hikes ahead for UVa.“)

But that is not all. President Sullivan is betting the farm on the theory that UVa can win an ever-larger share of dwindling federal research grants. This undertaking is risky, if not downright irresponsible. Let’s look at some facts:

  1. Monies available for Federal grants are in rapid decline. Given the nation’s financial crisis, the chances are that this decline will be steep and prolonged.
  2. UVa’s income from federal grants also has been in decline recently. So are its returns on fixed costs from such research. Earlier gains before these declines were largely the result of the Obama administration’s massive stimulus package whose effects are expiring.
  3. UVa to date has been a minor player in the federal grant business.
  4. The competition for federal grants, always fierce, will increase as other universities, far more experienced in seeking government-funded research, vie for pieces of the shrinking pie.

The Strategic Investment Fund, dreamed up by administrators and faculty and controlled by them as well, will deplete the monies available for other needs, putting additional pressure on student tuition and university borrowing generally. If shortfalls occur, the University will be forced to raise student tuition and/or trim other university programs. Under the Sullivan plan, the university administration will be less accountable than ever.